how does douglass refute this counterclaim? how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. V, p. 624. That's your mom's counterclaim. the debate over slavery? While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Create Decodable Text with Artificial Intelligence, FREE Diagnostic Reading and ELA Assessments. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. These paragraphs contain the author's sub-claims/reasoning, counterclaims, and evidence. Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. In fact, he contended, the Constitution was more than merely anti-slavery. But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Criticizethe reasoning of the counterclaimas being flawed, illogical, or biased. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. There are four types of argumentative claims: claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy, and claims of cause and effect. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). [21], Douglass believed that slavery was doomed, first and foremost, because he believed that the law of nature as epitomized in the Declaration was, at some deep level, not only true but known or felt to be true by all concerned in the conflict over slavery. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. America must be envisioned and remade by its white and black citizens alike as AfricanAmericans genuine home, not merely by the accident and force of necessity but as an object of their rational and sentimental identification. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. If you've ever watched a detective show, then you know evidence. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. Log in here. work!!! In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. Your reason is because yours doesn't have Internet access, and your evidence says that students with Internet access make better grades. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. This is called the counterclaim. There are a number of key arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass". Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. That's evidence. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). Drawing upon that faith, he taught black Americans and all other Americans to stand up for justice and to strive for excellence. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of 'Because I said so,' doesn't work, and 'Just because,' doesn't work - until you're a parent. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. ventana canyon golf membership fees; what ships are in port at norfolk naval base? Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. Every nation, owing to its peculiar character and composition, has a definite mission in the world, Douglass observed in 1869, but Americas mission, clearer than ever in the aftermath of the war, marks it as exceptional. [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. to confirm your understanding of the speech. All rights reserved. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. 2. Thousands of black Americans did just that. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. Because of Douglasss quest for freedom, his daring attitude, and determination to learn, he shows us the way through American Slavery in his eyes. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. The central or overall claim of an argumentative essay is also known as the thesis. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. Finally, he cites his altercation with Mr. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. Why is Douglass surprised by New Bedford in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. An effective counterclaim works to disagree with and disprove the author's claim. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Pick the best evidence to support the opposing point of view. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. IV, p. 319. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Under each type of claim is an example of that claim on the topic of capital punishment. For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. Most Africans that were either captured, born, or sold in America, lived the life of a typical slave, however Frederick Douglass was the exception. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. If he had he would have faced much more threats than he did. 2 - Evidence. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Visiting Scholar, 2016-17 Visiting Fellow in American Political Thought, Frederick Douglasss America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the Founding, Presidents Day Reflections on George Washingtons American Character, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm, http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. A claim of policy is an argument in support of, in opposition or, or for the alteration of an existing policy, law, or mandate. IV, p. 183. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. IV, p. 459. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! -object: expresses one's disapproval, -consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, -consist of A made for and all of it helping, or auxiliary, verbs. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects Americas founding principles as racist, abandons the goal of integration, and fosters alienation. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. Profoundly aggrieved by that hell-black crime, Douglass yet struggled characteristically to find in it cause for hope. It means light and liberty. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. [24] Douglass, The Late Election, December 1860, in Life and Writings, Vol. To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to throw light on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he throws light on, his position against the feelings of defenders of, The Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of Frederick Douglass life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave?